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One of the most salient features of the late twentieth century is the emergence of the spatial dimension as a basic reference of the economy and policy both nationally and globally. Along with the "end of history" was even announced the "end of geography", to mean that globalization was becoming irrelevant distance, the fact is that on the contrary, the spatial variables which have to do with the location of production, trade flows and socio-political aspects of development are increasingly crucial.

Von Thunen Theory (1826)

built a more useful model, based on land prices, the quality of education and transportation costs, to explain the division of labor between urban and rural areas engaged in agriculture. It still retains its validity because of the reworking of Alonso in the sixties, but leaves unresolved the crucial question of why agglomerations arise specialized in manufacturing and tertiary activities.

Christaller Theory (1929) and Losh (1949)

developed the theory of localization which involves the geographical layout of the market and to deduct transportation costs, with geometric applications, the emergence of a "sites central, hexagonally arranged, in which productive activities are concentrated.

See box

Source: www.geocritica.com , last seen on November 8, 2007.

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